ISLAMIC, Persia (Pre-Seljuq). Qarakhanids (Local rulers). Mahmud ibn Ahmad, AH 607-609 / AD 1210-1212. Dirham (Bronze, 42 mm, 10.92 g, 3 h), Uzkand, AH 607 = AD 1210. ‘lā ilāh-a illā / Allāh Muḥammad ra/sūl Allāh’ (‘There is no deity but Allah, Muhammad is the messenger of Allah’ in Arabic) in the field, citing himself as Muʿizz al-Dunyā wa al-Dīn Kūj Arslān Khāqān Maḥmūd ibn Aḥmad on the margin. Rev. Citing the Khwārizmshāh Muḥammad ibn Takish (AH 596-617 / AD 1200-1220) as overlord; clear mint and date in the margin. Album 3419. Zeno-199493. Rare. Some weakness and green deposits, otherwise, fine.